[Teachldsseminary] teach: how to study Isaiah

[Diane Kunkel]

Thank you for sharing this...this comes right on time with our study of Isaiah that started today.
 
Diane Kunkel
Georgia> Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2008 14:16:42 -0500> From: king.attolia at gmail.com> To: teachldsseminary at latter-dayvillage.com> Subject: [Teachldsseminary] teach: how to study Isaiah> > Victor L. Ludlow, Isaiah: Prophet, Seer, and Poet, 7-18.> > WHY AND HOW TO STUDY ISAIAH> > Numerous prophets and leaders have served the Lord. Of all the> prophets who prepare us for the future through messianic and> millennial prophecies, Isaiah is by far the most significant. Although> Christ has endorsed the words of all his servants, the prophets (D&C> 1:38; 68:3-4), he singled out Isaiah's words in particular and> commanded his followers to study Isaiah's message:> > Yea, a commandment I give unto you that ye search these things> diligently; for great are the words of Isaiah. For surely he spake . .> . concerning my people which are of the house of Israel; therefore . .> . he must speak also to the Gentiles. And all things that he spake> have been and shall be, even according to the words which he spake. (3> Ne. 23:1-3.)> > Why? All Isaiah's words will be fulfilled. Isaiah spoke to Israel and> the whole world, delivering many prophecies concerning the Lord's> work. In speaking to the Nephites, Jesus promised that all Isaiah's> prophecies will be fulfilled, just as Isaiah gave them.> > How? Read Isaiah. Isaiah's words help only those who read them. And> because of the complexity of his message and style, it is usually not> until the second or third reading that his ideas become clear and his> wisdom appears bright.> > It is also very helpful to read more than one translation of Isaiah.> Obviously, reading his book in the original Hebrew would be of> greatest value, but any foreign language version or alternate English> translation helps the reader view Isaiah from a different perspective.> An additional English translation is also helpful because it often> provides alternate meanings for troublesome words, idiomatic> expressions, and language patterns. The main value of a second> translation is that it stimulates a closer evaluation of the text> itself. As one reads the material in a different language, new> meanings appear. This is important, since all scripture must be read,> pondered, and prayed about before it can be fully understood. (See> Moro. 10:3-5.) A second or third reading of Isaiah, especially if one> reads an alternate translation, stimulates meditation and enhances> understanding.> > Since a great number and variety of new English translations have> appeared recently, this book includes a second English translation for> each Isaiah chapter to complement the standard King James Version. The> second version will appear within the text of the commentary on each> chapter.> > As you set aside time for daily scripture study and read and reread> Isaiah, you will come to understand and feel more comfortable with his> writings.> > And it came to pass that I, Nephi, did teach my brethren . . . And I> read many things unto them . . .: but that I might more fully persuade> them to believe in the Lord their Redeemer I did read unto them that> which was written by the prophet Isaiah; . . . that it might be for> our profit and learning. (1 Ne. 19:22-23.)> > Why? Isaiah inspires and teaches. Many of the great prophets and> teachers took material for their messages from Isaiah: when Nephi> tried to persuade his brothers to believe in Christ, he read from> Isaiah; as Abinadi taught about the Messiah, Resurrection, and> Atonement, he preached from Isaiah (Mosiah 14-15); while the> resurrected Lord ministered to the Nephites, he incorporated and> elucidated much of Isaiah within his teachings (3 Ne. 16, 20-23); and> as Moroni concluded his records, he exhorted his readers to search the> prophecies of Isaiah (Morm. 8:23). The Lord and these Book of Mormon> prophets recognized the universal application of the inspired> teachings and prophecies of Isaiah. Just as they used his words to> teach their audiences, we too can reap insights from Isaiah to inspire> ourselves and others.> > How? Search and study Isaiah's gospel teachings. It is not enough> simply to read the scriptures, or to read Isaiah; Christ said that one> must search the scriptures (John 5:39) and search Isaiah (3 Ne. 20:11;> 23:1). It is only after careful and deep examination, comparison, and> synthesis that the words of Isaiah burn brightly and his images reveal> themselves.> > As most of us read Isaiah, trying to ponder his words and understand> their meaning, we are like the Ethiopian who was reading an Isaiah> scroll while riding home in his chariot from Jerusalem. Philip met him> and asked, "Do you understand what you are reading?" The man replied,> "How can I, unless some man guides me?" (Acts 8:30-31.) Since Isaiah's> inspired writings reflect both his time and culture and also reveal> the Lord's work throughout later generations, the question, "What does> Isaiah say?" is not as important as the more insistent query, "What> does Isaiah mean?" This second question should motivate everyone's> search into the words of Isaiah.> > One aid to understanding is to study Isaiah within the context of the> gospel dispensation of Moses. Many Israelites of Isaiah's time knew> the elements of the plan of salvation (premortal existence, purpose of> earth life, resurrection, etc.), the basic principles and ordinances> of the gospel, and the prophetic promises about the Messiah, who would> free them from spiritual and physical bondage. Isaiah builds upon this> gospel foundation and teaches it in greater depth. For example, his> ideas in chapter 14 elaborate on the account of Lucifer and his hosts> being cast down to spirit prison. And in chapter 1, he teaches in his> unique vocabulary the basic gospel principles of knowing one's master> (faith), changing scarlet sins to white (repentance), washing oneself> (baptism), and hearing the word of the Lord (the gift of the Holy> Ghost). His servant songs and insights about a prophet's burdens> culminate in chapter 53 with his great discourse on the atoning> servant, Jesus Christ.> > Before we can understand Isaiah's teachings and share the inspiration> he received, we must study his words, ponder how they fit within the> gospel, and pray about them. A careful study requires us to look at> Isaiah theme by theme, chapter by chapter, concept by concept, verse> by verse. As we come to share his insights, we will come to a greater> understanding of the gospel.> > I [Nephi] did . . . read unto them that which was written by the> prophet Isaiah; for I did liken all scriptures unto us, that it might> be for our profit and learning. Wherefore I spake unto them, saying:> Hear ye the words of the prophet . . . and liken them unto yourselves,> that ye may have hope. And now I, Nephi, write more of the words of> Isaiah, . . . For I will liken his words unto my people, . . . for he> verily saw my Redeemer. (1 Ne. 19:23-24; 2 Ne. 11:2.)> > Why? We can learn from Isaiah today. Nephi includes many historical> passages in his Isaiah extracts and gives them not as history lessons> so much as lessons from history, showing the past types and patterns> that can influence later generations. The fate of ancient unrighteous> nations (and individuals) was all too familiar to Nephi. Having seen> the destruction of Jerusalem and the future destruction of his own> people in vision, and knowing the awful destiny of most latter-day> Gentiles, he strove to motivate those who would repent, both among his> own people and later readers. (Compare 1 Ne. 12 with 2 Ne. 28:32.) He> recognized that scripture will help only those readers who can> personally relate to its message. A modern prophet, Bruce R. McConkie,> has expressed similar feelings:> > Scriptural understanding and great insight relative to the doctrines> of salvation are valuable only insofar as they change and perfect the> lives of men, only insofar as they live in the hearts of those who> know them. (Ensign, Oct. 1973, p. 83.)> > How? Liken Isaiah to yourself. You might take the words of Isaiah and> place them in a modern context by:> > 1. Rewriting a chapter to express the same ideas, only using your own> vocabulary and imagery.> > 2. Preparing a talk or home evening lesson based upon one of Isaiah's themes.> > 3. Writing a poem that conveys the same feelings as one of Isaiah's.> > 4. Drafting a sermon as a general authority might address one of the> doctrines stressed by Isaiah.> > But whatever method you choose, take the ideas, feelings and teachings> of Isaiah and see how they apply in your own life and how you can use> them in teaching and inspiring others.> > Isaiah spake many things which were hard for many . . . to understand;> for they know not concerning the manner of prophesying among the Jews.> . . . And my soul delighteth in the words of Isaiah, . . . and I know> that the Jews do understand . . . the prophets, and there is none> other people that understand . . . save it be that they are taught> after the manner of the things of the Jews. (2 Ne. 25:1, 5.)> > Why? Isaiah is profoundly prophetic. Just as many Nephites did not> understand Isaiah because they did not know "the manner of prophesying> among the Jews," most people today continue to lack understanding for> the same reason. While Nephi's writings are simple and plain, Isaiah's> compositions are complicated and eloquent. Isaiah's messages contain> many levels of meaning and are thus comparable to the Savior's> parables, which were addressed to different audiences of varied> spiritual backgrounds. Isaiah's audience included the people of his> own time and place, Israelites in exile, Jews returning from Babylon,> Jews at the time of Jesus, early Christians, and the Nephites. Now it> includes modern Christians, Jews, Moslems, and Latter-day Saints. He> has something to say to all of us, and in order to teach and inspire> us, his poetry is superb, his prophecy sublime, and his style of> teaching unique.> > Isaiah's mechanical techniques (his "manner of prophesying") were> probably understood by the Nephites. That is, they understood Isaiah's> types, figures, symbols, and poetic structure. Their ignorance was not> so much in the mechanics of prophecy as in spiritual comprehension, as> suggested by Nephi's brother Jacob:> > The Jews were a stiffnecked people; and they despised the words of> plainness . . . and sought for things that they could not understand.> Wherefore, because of their blindness, which blindness came by looking> beyond the mark . . . God hath taken away his plainness from them, and> delivered unto them many things which they cannot understand, because> they desired it. And because they desired it God hath done it. (Jacob> 4:14.)> > Nephi and Jacob are saying, in other words, "Isaiah is hard for many> people to understand because they do not know the way the Lord> commanded Isaiah to prophesy. Since they have desired complicated> messages, God has given them prophetic utterances which they do not> comprehend."> > Isaiah's prophesying is usually cryptic, for he often veils his> message from his audience. (See the commentary on Isaiah 6 in this> book.) Elder McConkie illustrates this technique as follows:> > The virgin birth prophecy is dropped into the midst of a recitation of> local historical occurrences so that to the spiritually untutored it> could be interpreted as some ancient and unknown happening that had no> relationship to the birth of the Lord Jehovah into mortality some 700> years later. Similarly, many chapters dealing with latter-day apostasy> and the second coming of Christ are written relative to ancient> nations whose destruction was but a symbol, a type, and a shadow, of> that which would fall upon all nations when the great and dreadful day> of the Lord finally came. . . . Once we learn this system and use the> interpretive keys found in the Book of Mormon and through latter-day> revelation, we soon find the Isaiah passages unfolding themselves to> our view. (Ensign, Oct. 1973, pp. 82-83.)> > How? Study Isaiah's manner of prophesying. Four major stylistic> elements must be understood before Isaiah's "manner of prophesying"> can be unraveled. First, his mode of communication should be studied,> since most of his writings are poetry. A careful look at his poetic> style, called "parallelism," is necessary to understand the form of> his writing.> > The second element in Isaiah's "manner of prophesying" is his use of> symbolism. Symbolic names (such as Immanuel, and those of Isaiah's two> sons—Shear-jashub and Maher-shalal-hash-baz, Shiloh, etc.), titles> (servant, the blind, Holy One, etc.), places (altar, temple, mountain> of the Lord, Edom, Babylon, etc.), and acts (washing, sacrifice,> shedding blood, etc.) are scattered throughout Isaiah. By studying the> history and context of Isaiah's ministry, one can see how he uses> contemporary symbols both to teach his immediate audience and to> provide images and lessons for later generations.> > The third element in understanding Isaiah's prophesying is more> difficult since it requires a careful look at his prophetic role and> philosophy of teaching. Because of the spiritual limitations of his> audience, he could not always be exact and straightforward in his> teaching. His insights are often well hidden within a poetic> discourse. He thereby not only challenges our understanding through> his writing expertise, but also deliberately obscures his ideas in> imagery and symbolism.> > The last element necessary to understand Isaiah's prophesying is the> use of inspired interpretation. Revealed insights and interpretive> keys are found in the New Testament, the Book of Mormon, and> latter-day revelation, though much remains to be revealed as the> prophecies of Isaiah continue to unfold. (See Article of Faith 9.)> > > > In summary, Isaiah's "manner of prophesying" follows certain patterns> that require sensitive interpretive skills before one can understand> his teachings. The four major elements of his prophesying must be> studied on two levels: (1) the mechanics or technique of his writings,> and (2) the meaning or interpretation of his teachings. The basic keys> are diagrammed in the following chart:> > Ancient Israelites (such as Nephi's brothers) understood the prophetic> technique but, since they were often not spiritually sensitive, looked> "beyond the mark" and missed the correct interpretation. Today we> should be able to interpret Isaiah because of the many scriptures and> inspired interpretations available to us. However, we often hesitate> to study Isaiah because we do not or cannot appreciate the mechanics> of his prophesying, and therefore we stumble over his style and> symbols. As we both study his technique and learn how to interpret his> writings, we will master his "manner of prophesying" and come to> understand his message.> > I [Christ] say unto you, that when they [the words of Isaiah] shall be> fulfilled then is the fulfilling of the covenant which the Father hath> made unto his people, O house of Israel. (3 Ne. 20:12; see also 23:2.)> > I [Nephi] speak unto all the house of Israel, . . . he [the Lord]> surely did show unto the prophets of old all things concerning them; .> . . that they might know concerning the doings of the Lord. . . . Hear> ye the words of the prophet [Isaiah], which were written unto all the> house of Israel. (1 Ne. 19:19, 21, 22, 24.)> > I [Jacob] have read these things [from Isaiah] that ye might know> concerning the covenants of the Lord that he has covenanted with all> the house of Israel. (2 Ne. 9:1.)> > Why? Isaiah taught Israel concerning her covenants with the Lord.> Isaiah was the last great prophet who spoke to all of Israel while> they were still one people in the Holy Land. He taught the Israelites> how the Lord had worked with their ancestors and why they were his> covenant people. He reminded them of how they were breaking their> covenants and why the Lord's punishment would come upon them. In> short, he was the greatest teacher of Israel since Moses, and the last> prophetic witness before the scattering.> > How? Review the Lord's covenants in the ancient scriptures. Read and> reread the Old Testament to appreciate how God dealt with his children> anciently. In particular, study chapters 12-50 of Genesis to review> how the Lord established covenants with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob> (Israel). Then review the book of Deuteronomy to see what Moses taught> assembled Israel concerning their laws and covenants. Finally, read> the book of Psalms to capture some of the love and emotion expressed> by many authors (poets, kings, priests, and prophets) as they told> about God's relationship with his chosen people.> > The Book of Mormon is also a key to understanding ancient covenants.> Review especially 1 Nephi 10 (Lehi's teachings on Israel), 2 Nephi> 25-33 (Nephi's teachings), and Jacob 5 (Zenos's allegory) to see how> the Lord's covenants developed within that branch of Israel. Also note> how the law of Moses was fulfilled as recorded in 3 Nephi 1:24-25 and> 9:16-22.> > The fulfillment of the Mosaic dispensation, the preparation of the> Jews for Christ's dispensation, and many other Isaianic prophecies are> also recorded in the New Testament. All these ancient scriptures show> how the Lord worked through the prophets (particularly Isaiah) and> other servants (psalmists, poets, etc.) to teach Israel her proper> relationship with God.> > And I [Nephi] did rehearse unto them the words of Isaiah, who spake> concerning the restoration of the Jews, or of the house of Israel; and> after they were restored they should no more be confounded, neither> should they be scattered again. (1 Ne. 15:20.)> > Why? Isaiah promises the return of Israel. Isaiah not only taught> Israel about her ancient history and covenants, but he also prophesied> that the Jews and other remnants of Israel will return to the Lord and> their promised lands in the last days. His ideas stimulated the Book> of Mormon prophets to seek for further insights into these future> events. Isaiah also gives signs and promises concerning the other> remnants of Israel, the Ten Tribes and Lamanites; some of these> prophecies were used by Christ as he taught the Lamanites about their> latter-day destiny. When the Ten Tribes return and their scriptural> record is revealed, Isaiah's words will probably be frequently quoted> in them as a major teaching source and witness. (See 2 Ne. 29:13.) In> short, Isaiah's words have inspired all the dispersed groups of> Israel, and his promises concerning their return will certainly be> fulfilled.> > How? Study Jewish and Lamanite history. A study of Jewish and Lamanite> history over the past hundred and fifty years will demonstrate the> fulfillment of many Isaianic prophecies pertaining to the return of> Israel in the last days. Many Jewish history books evaluate modern> Jewish history (since 1800), the development of Zionism, and the> modern state of Israel. Not as many sources are available for American> Indian or Lamanite history, but articles in the Church News, Ensign,> and other Latter-day Saint publications often highlight the current> social and religious development of the Lamanites as they join the> Church in large numbers in Central and South America. Of course, many> prophecies of these two remnants of Israel remain to be fulfilled, but> a review of their movements and growth indicates the tremendous> progress they have made from their ancient apostate traditions since> the keys for the gathering of Israel were restored by Moses to Joseph> Smith in 1836.> > But behold, I [Nephi] proceed with mine own prophecy. . . . In the> days that the prophecies of Isaiah shall be fulfilled men shall know> of a surety, at the times when they shall come to pass. Wherefore,> they are of worth unto the children of men, . . . for I know that they> shall be of great worth unto them in the last days; for in that day> shall they understand them; wherefore, for their good have I written> them. (2 Ne. 25:7-8.)> > Why? People in the last days will witness the fulfillment of Isaiah's> prophecies. Although some of us may wish that we had lived in the days> of Isaiah, when his visions and revelations might have been explained> to us personally, most of us would still be confused, since we could> not then have comprehended the scientific achievements and religious> developments to come in the last days. From an ancient perspective,> our modern age would have appeared astonishing with its labor-saving> machines, communication systems, transportation devices, and other> advances; yet it would also have baffled us that so much poverty,> inequality, and wickedness could still be a part of the "advanced"> society of the last days. We would also have a difficult time> appreciating how the plain, simple, restored truths of the gospel> could come forth and grow in such a sophisticated and wicked world.> Since Isaiah used imagery and symbols to describe the latter days and> did not completely and literally describe all that he saw, his> audience would have been even more confused about modern events and> how they would fulfill Isaiah's prophecies.> > In the Book of Mormon reference quoted above, Nephi promises that> those who live in the last days will witness the fulfillment of> Isaiah's prophecies and understand them! We can build upon our> hindsight of history with knowledge of contemporary events and> Isaiah's visions of our day to see how his words are being fulfilled.> > How? Review the restored gospel and the signs of the times. In modern> revelation, the Lord has interpreted, clarified, and expanded the> meaning of many of Isaiah's words. Many quotations from Isaiah are> found in the latter-day scriptures, and explanations of his meaning> are contained in the teachings of the prophets and apostles of this> dispensation.> > Moroni quoted Isaiah to Joseph Smith at the opening of this> dispensation (JS-H 1:40), and the Doctrine and Covenants is especially> rich in phraseology from Isaiah. For example, section 113 interprets> parts of Isaiah 11 and 52; section 133 repeats many phrases and ideas> from Isaiah 35, 51, 63, and 64; and section 101 presents some keys to> understanding Isaiah 65. Also, numerous Isaianic terms and phrases are> found in sections 1, 45, 88, 109, 124, and 128.> > Later prophets and apostles of this dispensation also have taught from> Isaiah and explained difficult points of his message. Elder Bruce R.> McConkie points out the value of these modern, inspired commentaries:> > There are also, of course, numerous allusions to and explanations of> the great seer's words in the sermons of Joseph Smith and the other> inspired teachers of righteousness of this dispensation. So often it> takes only a prophetically uttered statement, revealing the age or> place or subject involved in a particular passage in the writings of> any prophet, to cause the whole passage and all related ones to shine> forth with their true meaning and import.> > It truly takes revelation to understand revelation, and what is more> natural than to find the Lord Jehovah, who revealed his truths> anciently, revealing the same eternal verities today and so tying his> ancient and modern words together, that we may be blessed by our> knowledge of what he has said in all ages. (Ensign, Oct. 1973, p. 81.)> > In seeking to understand more of Isaiah by reviewing the restored> gospel and studying the signs of these last days, we should study the> Doctrine and Covenants carefully, especially the sections noted above.> We should know the important events and movements of Latter-day Saint> and world history. We should study the general conference addresses> and review the scriptures that prophesy of the last days. All these> things will not only help us to understand how Isaiah's prophecies are> being fulfilled, but also prepare us to become better servants in> fulfilling the prophesied events of this dispensation.> > Wherefore, hearken, . . . and give ear unto my words; for because the> words of Isaiah are not plain unto you, nevertheless they are plain> unto all those that are filled with the spirit of prophecy. (2 Ne.> 25:4.)> > Why? Isaiah's words are plain to those with the spirit of prophecy. An> angel told John the Revelator that "the testimony of Jesus is the> spirit of prophecy." (Rev. 19:10.) Peter likewise recorded that no man> can know the things of God without enlightenment by the Spirit. (2> Pet. 1:20-21.) Since the spirit of prophecy makes plain the words of> Isaiah, a living knowledge and testimony of the gospel truths,> especially the divine mission of the Lord Jesus Christ, is imperative> for understanding Isaiah's writings.> > With this spiritual gift, we can understand Isaiah through the same> spirit of prophecy that inspired Isaiah. Isaiah's inspired writings> and all other scriptures come from God through the power of the Holy> Ghost. As any man studies scripture, that same Holy Ghost enlightens> him as to the meaning and value of revealed truths. (See Hel. 9:20; 1> Cor. 2:11; 1 Ne. 10:17-19; D&C 75:10.)> > How? Gain the spirit of prophecy. The value of all spiritual gifts> depends upon our worthiness to receive them and our diligence in> developing them. God's Spirit does not come to the unworthy and, as> demonstrated in the parable of the talents, gifts from God profit> neither him nor us if they are not used and magnified. (See Hel.> 4:12-14; Matt. 25:15-30; Ether 12:35.) Thus, in order to receive the> spirit of prophecy, we must strive to keep all the commandments and> retain the Holy Spirit at all times. The development of this spiritual> gift through constant study, pondering, and prayer can eventually lead> us to receive the same spirit of instruction that inspired Isaiah> originally.> > And now I, Nephi, write more of the words of Isaiah, for my soul> delighteth in his words . . . for he verily saw my Redeemer, even as I> have seen him. (2 Ne. 11:2.)> > Why? Isaiah has seen the Lord. Nephi loved to quote Isaiah because he> shared Isaiah's spiritual manifestations and insights. Both Nephi and> Isaiah had seen the Lord, and they foresaw how his work would unfold> among the children of men.> > Of all the prophetic writings on the brass plates, Nephi specifically> chose the writings of Isaiah to use in persuading his brothers and the> whole house of Israel to believe in the Lord their Redeemer, Jesus> Christ. (1 Ne. 19:18-23.) Isaiah received and recorded messianic> insights that continue to inspire God's children. As Elder McConkie> writes,> > Isaiah is everywhere known as the messianic prophet because of the> abundance, beauty, and perfection of his prophetic utterances> foretelling the first coming of our Lord. And truly such he is. No old> world prophet, whose inspired sayings have come down to us, can> compare with him in this respect. Moreover, the first coming of the> Messiah is past, and so even those among us who are not overly endowed> with spiritual insight can look back and see in the birth, ministry,> and death of our Lord the fulfillment of Isaiah's forecasts. (Ensign,> Oct. 1973, p. 81.)> > How? Develop yourself spiritually. During our mortality, most of us> may not be privileged to see Christ in vision as did Isaiah and Nephi,> or in the flesh as did others, but all of us can draw nearer to the> Lord through following his teachings and example. As we attain greater> spiritual heights and develop an intimate relationship with him> through mighty prayer, we will naturally come to a greater love and> appreciation of him. And as we give Christian service and increase our> love toward others, we will become more like him. Then we will> understand more of the words and feelings of Isaiah and the other> prophets who loved the Lord and served him with all their power. As> our spiritual life becomes more like Isaiah's, his writings will> communicate to us on a higher spiritual level and teach us great> truths about ourselves, others, the Lord, and the divine plan for this> earth and its inhabitants.> > We can derive many values from studying Isaiah's book, for as we> follow the necessary steps in understanding his writings, they will> help us come closer to the Lord's goal for the children of> men—immortality and eternal life. (Moses 1:39.)> > > > (c) 2004 Deseret Book. 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